Planning
Planning involves selecting missions and objectives as well as the actions to achieve them; it requires decision-making, which in turn is choosing future courses of actions among alternatives.
Organizing
Organizing involves establishing an intentional stucture of roles for people to fall into in an organization
It is “intentional” in the sense of making sure that all the tasks needed to be accomplished are not only assigned but that they are assigned to people who can do them best.
Staffing
Staffing involves filling and keeping filled the positions in an organised structure.
This is done by first identifying workforce requirements, then inventorying the people available, and by recruiting, selecting, placing, promoting, appraising, compensating and training so that tasks are accomplished effectively and efficiently.
Leading
Leading is influencing people to make them contribute to organizational and group goals. It deals with the interpersonal aspect of managing.
Since leadership implies followership, and people tend to follow those who offer a means of satisfying their own needs, wishes and desires, it is a given that leadership inculcates motivation, and communication.
Controlling
Controlling is measuring and correcting individual and organizational performance to ensure that events are subjected to plans.
It involves measuring performance against goals and plans, showing where deviations from standards exist, and helping to correct deviations from standards.